Oncologic Surgery: Surgical Intervention in Cancer Treatment
Oncological surgery covers a wide range of procedures, from the diagnosis of suspected cancerous tissues to the complete removal of the tumor (resection) and the removal of adjacent lymph nodes in case of metastasis. Surgeons specialized in this field develop strategies based not only on the technical operation but also on the biological behavior of the cancer and the ways it spreads.
The Role of Surgery
- Diagnosis (Biopsy): Taking a sample to examine suspicious tissue.
- Treatment (resection): Complete removal of the tumor and surrounding compromised tissues.
- Palliative Surgery: Interventions to reduce the patient’s pain and improve quality of life in advanced stages.
Cancer treatment is a team effort. The success of oncological surgery is reinforced by “Council” or “Tumor Board” meetings where medical oncology (chemotherapy), radiation oncology (radiotherapy), pathology and radiology specialists work together. Decisions on pre-operative downsizing treatment (Neoadjuvant) or post-operative conservative treatment (Adjuvant) are made in these councils based on the patient’s personal data.
Postoperative Follow-up and Recovery
Regular follow-up of patients after surgery is vital to keep the risk of recurrence under control. More frequent follow-ups in the first years become less frequent over time to ensure the long-term health of the patient.
Oncologic surgery is one of the most powerful chances offered to the patient in the fight against cancer. The right surgical technique combined with early diagnosis puts cancer in the category of “a defeatable disease”. Interventions performed in expert hands with technological facilities not only prolong the lives of patients, but also allow them to continue their lives without experiencing functional losses.
